Unit 1 of 4

5.1 — Model Cards

Model Cards (Mitchell et al., 2019) are standardized documentation for trained ML models. They provide essential transparency about a model's capabilities, limitations, and appropriate use contexts.

Eight Sections of a Model Card
01
Model Details

Developer, version, model type, architecture, license, contact information.

02
Intended Use

Primary use cases, downstream applications, and explicitly out-of-scope uses.

03
Factors

Relevant demographic, environmental, and instrumentation factors that affect performance.

04
Metrics

Performance measures selected, thresholds for acceptable performance, variation across factors.

05
Evaluation Data

Datasets used for evaluation, preprocessing steps, motivation for selection.

06
Training Data

Overview of training data (no need to expose proprietary details), size, characteristics.

07
Ethical Considerations

Sensitive use cases, known limitations, potential for misuse, societal impacts.

08
Caveats & Recommendations

Known limitations, recommended use patterns, warnings about edge cases.

Documentation Types Comparison
Feature
Model Card
System Card
Datasheet
What it documents
A trained ML model
Complete AI system pipeline
A dataset
Introduced by
Mitchell et al. (2019)
Meta, OpenAI, Google
Gebru et al. (2021)
Scope
Single model in isolation
Model + prompts + guardrails + deployment
Training or evaluation data
Key focus
Performance, limitations, intended use
End-to-end behavior, safety measures
Composition, collection, bias, provenance
Updates
With each model version
With system changes
With dataset updates
EXAM TIP

Model cards, system cards, and datasheets are LIVING DOCUMENTS — they must be updated as models, systems, and datasets evolve. A model card written once at launch and never updated is a common audit finding.

Key Points
Model Cards: standardized model documentation (Mitchell 2019)
Eight key sections covering model details through ethical considerations
System Cards: document the complete AI system pipeline
Datasheets for Datasets: document training/evaluation data provenance
Living documents — must be updated as models evolve
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